Abstract The alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is one of the problems that can compromise concrete durability, as the chemical reactions between the reactive aggregate and concrete pore solution, specifically sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+) and hydroxyl (OH-) in the presence of moisture, trigger expansion and cracking of concrete elements. The use of pozzolanic materials, such as finely ground glass powder (particles smaller than 75μm), to partially replace cement has been widely studied and has demonstrated beneficial results. However, because the behavior of pozzolans towards ASR is not completely understood yet, this work evaluates the effect of incorporating ground glass powder into cementitious composites against ASR. To this end, 8% silica fume was used as a control admixture, and four levels of glass powder (10, 20, 30, and 50%) were incorporated into the cementitious mixture to partially replace cement. Expansion tests were carried out in accordance with NBR15577-4 (ABNT, 2018) on mortar bars using the accelerated test method to assess the mitigation of expansions. The results show that the expansions caused by ASR decreased with the increasing content of glass powder in the cement mixtures. Furthermore, only the 50% level reduced the expansions to a safe value according to the Brazilian standard.

Resumo A reação álcali-sílica (RAS) é um dos problemas que pode comprometer a durabilidade do concreto, uma vez que as reações químicas entre o agregado reativo e a solução porosa do concreto, em particular, sódio (Na+), potássio (K+), cálcio (Ca2+) e hidroxila (OH-) na presença de umidade, desencadeiam a expansão e fissuração dos elementos de concreto. O uso de materiais pozolânicos, como o pó de vidro finamente moído (com partículas abaixo de 75μm), para substituir parcialmente o cimento, tem sido amplamente estudado e demonstrou resultados benéficos. No entanto, devido ao fato de que o comportamento das pozolanas em relação à RAS ainda não é completamente compreendido, este trabalho avalia o efeito da incorporação de pó de vidro moído em compósitos cimentícios frente a RAS. Para isso, 8% de sílica ativa como controle, e quatro teores de pó de vidro (10, 20, 30 e 50%) foram incorporados à mistura cimentícia em substituição parcial ao cimento. Testes de expansão foram realizados de acordo com a NBR15577-4 (ABNT, 2018) em barras de argamassa usando o método de teste acelerado para avaliar a mitigação das expansões. Os resultados mostram que as expansões causadas pela RAS diminuíram com o aumento do teor de pó de vidro das misturas de cimento. Além disso, apenas o nível de 50% reduziu as expansões a um valor seguro de acordo com a norma brasileira.

ABSTRACT: This in silico study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of a full-arch implant-supported prosthesis on titanium and zirconia monotype implants. A 3D mandible containing 1.0 mm thick cortical and cancellous bone was modeled. Four dental implants (3.3 x 10 mm) were inserted into the jaw model in each model. The implants consisted of Titanium (Ti-S group) and Zirconia Monotype/one-piece (Zr-S group). Fixed full-arch implant-supported prostheses were cemented onto the implant. The models were exported to the analysis software and divided into meshes composed of nodes and tetrahedral elements. All materials were considered isotropic, elastic, and homogeneous. Therefore, all contacts were considered bonded, the mandible model was fixed in all directions, applying a static structural axial load of 300 N on the bottom of the fossa of the left mola r teeth. Microstrain and von-Mises stress (MPa) were adopted as failure criteria. Comparable stress and strain values were shown in the peri-implant bone for both groups. However, the Ti-S group presented a lower stress value (1,155.8 MPa) than the Zr-S group (1,334.2 MPa). Regarding bone tissues, the Ti-S group presented 612 µε and the Zr-S group presented 254 µε. The highest strain peak was observed in bone tissues around the implant closer to the load for both groups. Evaluating monotype zirconia and titanium implants, it is suggested that the greater the rigidity of the implant, the greater the concentration of internal stre sses and the less dissipation to the surrounding tissues. Therefore, monotype ceramic implants composed of yttrium-stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia may be a viable alternative to titanium implants for full-arch prostheses.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio in silico fue evaluar el comportamiento biomecánico de una prótesis implanto soportada de arcada completa sobre implantes monotipo de titanio y zirconia. Se modeló una mandíbula en 3D que contenía tejido óseo cortical y esponjoso de 1,0 mm de espesor. En cada modelo, se insertaron cuatro implantes dentales (3,3 x 10 mm) en el modelo de mandíbula. Los implantes consistieron en Monotipo de Titanio y Zirconia. Sobre el implante se cementaron prótesis implanto soportadas de arcada completa fija. Los modelos se exportaron al software de análisis y se dividieron en mallas compuestas por nodos y elementos tetraédricos. Todos los materiales se consideraron isotrópicos, elásticos y homogéneos. Por lo tanto, todos los contactos se consideraron cementados, el modelo mandibular se fijó en todas las direcciones, aplicando una carga vertical estructural estática de 300 N en el fondo de la fosa de los dientes molares izquierdos. Se seleccionaron la microesfuerzo y la tensión de Von-Mises (MPa) como criterios de falla. Se mostraron valores de tensión y deformación comparables en el hueso periimplantario para ambos grupos. Sin embargo, el grupo Ti-S presentó un valor de estrés menor (1.155,8 MPa) que el grupo Zr-S (1.334,2 MPa). En cuanto a los tejidos óseos, el grupo Ti-S presentó 612 µε y el grupo Zr-S presentó 254 µε. La mayor concentración de deformación en el tejido óseo se observó en los tejidos alrededor del implante más cerca de la carga para ambos grupos. Al evaluar los implantes monotípicos de zirconia y titanio, se sugiere que cuanto mayor sea la rigidez del implante, mayor será la concentración de tensiones internas y menor la disipación a los tejidos circundantes. Por lo tanto, los implantes cerámicos monotipo compuestos de zirconia policristalina tetragonal estabilizada con itrio pueden ser una alternativa viable a los implantes de titanio para prótesis de arcada completa.

Abstract Aiming to produce an antimicrobial dressing for wound healing applications, in this work Tea Tree oil (TTO) was incorporated into PHBV nanofibers by absorption. It was observed increase in the nanofiber diameter due to 5% TTO absorption efficiency, which also led to a 54% decrease in the contact angle. The releasing assay indicates a 6.8% oil release in the first 24 h – being probably the oil deposited at the polymer surface – followed by a minimal release at 48 h. The set of antimicrobial assays performed suggests the incorporation of TTO optimized the antimicrobial activity of the polymer for E. coli and C. albicans, while against S. aureus no significant difference was observed. The MTT assay showed no cytotoxicity of PHBV, but the incubation of L929 fibroblast cells with PHBV-TTO reduced cell viability. Overall, the PHBV nanofibers containing TTO present great potential as an antimicrobial dressing.

ABSTRACT: São Paulo state is one of the country’s largest producers of beef and milk, and the midwestern region plays a key role in this production, as half of São Paulo’s cattle herd is found in this region. These numbers alone demonstrate the importance of livestock in this region. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the main epidemiological and clinical signs in cattle cases at the Large Animal Hospital at FMVZ-Unesp, located in the midwestern region of São Paulo state. The present retrospective study assessed 638 clinical cases of cattle treated from January 2010 to December 2019 (10 years). Digestive system diseases were the most prevalent, diagnosed in 30.3% of patients, followed by neurological diseases (19.1%) and respiratory diseases (10.5%). The other diseases were distributed in decreasing order as follows: musculoskeletal (7.8%), hematopoietic (6.1%), genitourinary (5.6%), metabolic and nutritional (5.5%), neonatal (4.7%), cutaneous (2.6%), poisoning (2.5%), lymphatic (2.2%), cardiovascular (1.6%) and other diseases (1.4%). Rabies, a fatal zoonotic disease, was the main cause of death in this study and the main disease associated with neurological signs (23.7%). Recognizing the main diseases of cattle in this region will promote the adoption of prophylactic measures to minimize their occurrence and manage treatment to avoid economic losses and decreased productivity of herds.

RESUMO: O estado de São Paulo é um dos maiores produtores de carne e leite bovino do país e a região centro-oeste do estado tem papel fundamental nessa produção, pois possui a metade do rebanho de bovinos do estado. Portanto, este estudo descreve os principais achados clínicos e epidemiológicos de bovinos atendidos no Hospital de Grandes Animais da FMVZ/Unesp, localizado na região centro-oeste paulista. Foi realizado um levantamento nos arquivos da Clínica de Grandes Animais do Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ-Unesp, Botucatu/SP, dos 638 casos clínicos de bovinos atendidos de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2019. Enfermidades do sistema digestório foram as mais prevalentes (30,3%), seguidas das doenças neurológicas (19,1%) e respiratórias (10,5%). As demais enfermidades foram distribuídas, em ordem decrescente, em: musculoesquelético (7,8%), haematopoiético (6,1%), geniturinário (5,6%), cutânea (2,6%), linfático (2,2%) e cardiovascular (1,6%) ou foram classificadas em doenças metabólicas e nutricionais (5,5%), neonatais (4,7%), tóxicas (2,5%) ou outros distúrbios (1,4%). A raiva, uma zoonose fatal, foi a principal causa de óbito neste estudo e a principal doença neurológica (23,7%). O reconhecimento das principais doenças dos bovinos desta região permite a adoção de medidas profiláticas e de manejo para minimizar sua ocorrência e evitar perdas econômicas com o tratamento e menor produtividade do rebanho.

ABSTRACT: The present study investigated Salmonella spp. in the feces of 200 foals up to one year of age (100 with clinical signs of diarrhea and 100 without clinical signs of diarrhea). Bacteriological culture, serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, and real-time PCR (qPCR SYBR® Green or a TaqMan®) for detecting the invA gene (with and without a selective pre-enrichment step in tetrathionate broth) were performed. Bacterial culture revealed 15% (n=30) of positive animals (21 animals with diarrhea and nine without diarrhea). Among the 30 isolates, 13 different serovars were identified: S. Infantis, S. Minnesota, S. I.4,5,12:i:-; S. Anatum, S. Cerro, S. Oranienburg, S. Braenderup, S. Give, S. Newport, S. IIIb 61:c:z35, S. 109:-:1.5, S. I.4.12:d:-, S. I.6.8:-:-. Multidrug resistance was found in 43.33% (n=13) of the isolates, with one isolate obtained from animals without diarrhea and 12 isolates from animals with diarrhea. All qPCR techniques used in the study classified more samples as positive for Salmonella spp. than the bacterial culture of feces. In addition, all qPCR techniques detected more positive animals in the diarrhea group than in the diarrhea-free group. The results confirm the utility of the qPCR method without the pre-enrichment step in tetrathionate as a rapid test for Salmonella spp. in carrier animals. In animals with clinical signs of diarrhea, it can be combined with bacterial culture (antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serotyping). The isolation of Salmonella spp. in nine animals without diarrhea confirms the importance of asymptomatic carrier animals in the epidemiology of the disease. The multidrug resistance observed highlights the importance of rational antimicrobial use in horses and adopting biosecurity protocols that are efficacious in controlling the spread of infections between animals and zoonotic transmission in farms.

RESUMO: O presente estudo investigou a ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em fezes de 200 potros com até um ano de idade (100 com sinais clínicos de diarreia e 100 sem sinais clínicos de diarreia), utilizando as técnicas de cultivo bacteriológico e PCR em tempo real (qPCR) pelos métodos de corante fluorescente (SYBR® Green) e sonda específica (Taqman®) para a detecção do gene invA com e sem etapa de pré-enriquecimento seletivo em caldo de tetrationato. O cultivo bacteriológico revelou 15% (n=30) de animais positivos (21 animais com diarreia e nove animais sem diarreia). Dentre esses 30 isolados, 13 sorovares diferentes foram identificados: S. Infantis, S. Minnesota, S. I.4,5,12:i:-; S. Anatum, S. Cerro, S. Oranienburg, S. Braenderup, S. Give, S. Newport, S. IIIb 61:c:z35, S. 109:-:1.5, S. I.4.12:d:-, S. I.6.8:-:-. Multirresistência foi constatada em 43,33% (n=13) dos isolados, sendo um isolado obtido de animal sem diarreia e 12 isolados de animais com diarreia. Todas as técnicas de qPCR empregadas no estudo apresentaram maior número de amostras classificadas como positivas para Salmonella spp. comparadas ao cultivo bacteriológico de fezes. Adicionalmente, em todas as técnicas de qPCR houve maior número de animais detectados como positivos no grupo de animais com diarreia em relação aos animais sem diarreia. Os resultados confirmaram a utilidade do método qPCR sem a etapa de pré-enriquecimento em tetrationato, como um teste rápido para detecção de Salmonella spp. em animais portadores ou em animais com sinais clínicos de diarreia. O cultivo bacteriológico deve ser associado para a realização do teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos e sorotipificação. O isolamento de Salmonella spp. em nove animais sem diarreia, confirma a importância dos animais portadores assintomáticos na epidemiologia da doença. A multirresistência observada evidencia a importância do uso racional de antimicrobianos em equinos e a importância da adoção de protocolos de biossegurança que sejam eficazes para controlar a disseminação de infecções entre animais e a transmissão zoonótica nas fazendas.

ABSTRACT: Vagal indigestion (VI) is a digestive disorder characterized by the dysfunction of the vagus nerve. This disorder leads to changes in forestomach motility. The causes of VI are varied. Failure to transport digestive contents may occur due to mechanical obstruction or a neurogenic origin. There are few reports in the literature regarding this disease in mini-cattle. These cattle seem to be predisposed to the development of VI. The aim of the present study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiographic aspects of mini-cattle diagnosed with VI. The medical records of nine mini-cattle diagnosed with VI were retrospectively reviewed. Mini-cattle were referred to the Large Animal Hospital in Botucatu, Brazil, from 2002 to 2021. It was observed that VI affected young mini-cattle. The predominant clinical manifestations were intermittent gas ruminoreticular tympanism with increased volume in the left paralumbar fossa and increased volume in the right ventral region (apple/pear aspect), hypomotility in ruminal auscultation and the presence of pasty stools. The mean heart rate of the animals was 75 beats per minute. In one case, bradycardia was observed by electrocardiogram and Holter monitor system. In this case, the predominance of parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system was observed. The main hematological findings were leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. The therapeutic approach included ruminal fistulation and the implantation of a permanent rumen cannula. All animals undergoing the procedure were discharged with daily care instructions.

RESUMO: A indigestão vagal (IV) é um distúrbio digestivo caracterizado pela disfunção do nervo vago. Esse distúrbio leva a alterações na motilidade dos pré-estômagos. As causas da IV são variadas. A falha no transporte do conteúdo digestivo pode ocorrer por obstrução mecânica ou pode ser de origem neurogênica. Há poucos relatos na literatura a respeito dessa enfermidade em mini-bovinos. Esses bovinos parecem estar predispostos ao desenvolvimento de IV. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, laboratoriais e eletrocardiográficos de mini-bovinos diagnosticados com IV. Os prontuários de nove mini-bovinos diagnosticados com IV foram revisados retrospectivamente. Os mini-bovinos foram encaminhados ao Hospital de Grandes Animais de Botucatu, Brasil, de 2002 a 2021. Observou-se que a IV acometeu mini-bovinos jovens. As manifestações clínicas predominantes foram timpanismo ruminoreticular gasoso intermitente com aumento de volume na fossa paralombar esquerda e aumento de volume na região ventral direita (aspecto maçã/pêra), hipomotilidade na ausculta ruminal e presença de fezes pastosas. A frequência cardíaca média dos animais foi de 75 batimentos por minuto. Em um caso, foi observada bradicardia por meio do eletrocardiograma e do sistema Holter. Neste caso observou-se a predominância da atividade parassimpática do sistema nervoso autônomo. Os principais achados hematológicos foram leucocitose e linfocitose. A abordagem terapêutica incluiu fistulação ruminal e implante de cânula ruminal permanente. Todos os animais submetidos ao procedimento receberam alta hospitalar com orientações de cuidados diários.

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study analyzed the biomechanical behavior of the generated stress on the external surface of the rehabilitation elements (implants, components and infrastructures) according to different occlusion patterns on a fixed partial denture on osseointegrated implants. Method: The experimental groups varied according to the location of the occlusal load applied to the Fixed partial denture, with a total occlusal load of 750N in all groups, opting for greater loads on the occlusal table of the molar in relation to the premolar. This evaluation was performed by the finite element method with simulations by the AnsysWorkbench 16.0 Software program. Results: The results analyzed for implants and their components showed that the more posterior the occlusal loading, the greater the stress developed (group 4), always in the connection area between the prosthetic component and the implant, as this location can induce greater screw loosening. The results analyzed for the infrastructures showed that the most distributed occlusal loading possible (group 1) is the best situation for generating less stress. However, even in group 3 which obtained the highest stresses in the critical area of the prosthetic connection, the zirconia flexural strength values generated were not worrisome. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the occlusal adjustment of Fixed partial dentures are preponderant and decisive factors for correct biomechanics and preservation of the system in the long term in order to avoid possible damage and/or failures, and exert significant and notorious differences in the behavior of all structures studied herein.

RESUMO Objetivo: O presente estudo analisou o comportamento biomecânico do estresse gerado na superfície externa dos elementos reabilitadores (implantes, componentes e infraestruturas) de acordo com diferentes padrões de oclusão em uma prótese parcial fixa sobre implantes osseointegrados. Métodos: Os grupos experimentais variaram de acordo com a localização da carga oclusal aplicada na Prótese Parcial Fixa, com carga oclusal total de 750N em todos os grupos, optando por cargas maiores na mesa oclusal do molar em relação ao pré-molar. Esta avaliação foi realizada pelo método dos elementos finitos com simulações pelo programa AnsysWorkbench 16.0 Software. Resultados: Os resultados analisados para os implantes e seus componentes mostraram que quanto mais posterior a carga oclusal, maior a tensão desenvolvida (grupo 4), sempre na área de conexão entre o componente protético e o implante, pois este local pode induzir maior soltura do parafuso. Os resultados analisados para as infraestruturas mostraram que a carga oclusal mais distribuída possível (grupo 1) é a melhor situação para gerar menos estresse. No entanto, mesmo no grupo 3 que obteve as maiores tensões na área crítica da conexão protética, os valores de resistência à flexão da zircônia gerados não foram preocupantes. Conclusões: Pode-se concluir que o ajuste oclusal das Próteses Parciais Fixas são fatores preponderantes e decisivos para correta biomecânica e preservação do sistema a longo prazo a fim de evitar possíveis danos e/ou falhas, e exercem diferenças significativas e notórias no comportamento de todas as estruturas aqui estudadas.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the drying performance, the quality of the corn grain and the contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using a direct-fired furnace fed automatically by wood chips. Samples were collected at five-minute intervals, 12 samples before drying and 12 samples after drying. The following experimental evaluations were carried out: dryer – performance and fuel consumption; grains – moisture content, germination, electrical conductivity, apparent specific mass, mass of a thousand grains, color and PAHs. The dryer showed an average efficiency of 83.61%. The average consumption of wood chips was 0.3932 kg of chips per kilogram of evaporated water. Differences were observed in the grains after drying for the characteristics of mass of a thousand grains, apparent specific mass, germination and electrical conductivity. The average concentrations of PAHs in corn grains were higher than the maximum values allowed by the European Union legislation.

RESUMO: A síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (EDS) consiste em um conjunto de doenças caracterizadas pela produção deficiente de colágeno ou falha em sua organização, resultando em alterações na resistência e extensibilidade do tecido conjuntivo. Este relato descreve os achados dermatológicos e histológicos observados em um gato mestiço de três meses de idade com ruptura e descolamento de pele do membro torácico e ruptura da pele na região cervical. Ao exame dermatológico, o gato apresentava pele hiper-extensível, fragilizada na região cervical e índice de extensibilidade cutânea de 21%. A avaliação histopatológica das amostras de pele revelou desorganização evidente dos feixes de colágeno na derme e pela coloração com tricrômico de Masson foi encontrada displasia folicular. O diagnóstico presuntivo de EDS foi realizado com base nos achados clínicos e histopatológicos. O sequenciamento de Sanger não detectou nenhum alelo mutado para a mutação c.3420delG no gene COL5A1, que é uma mutação autossômica dominante previamente associada à síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos em gatos. A ausência dessa mutação no gato relatado sugere que outra mutação também pode ser responsável pelo desenvolvimento de astenia cutânea neste gene ou em outro associado ao metabolismo de colágeno.

ABSTRACT: The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) consists of a group of diseases characterized by defective collagen production or failure in its organization, resulting in changes in the strength and extensibility of connective tissue. This report describes the dermatological and histological findings observed in a 3-month-old crossbreed cat with rupture and detachment of skin in the thoracic limb and rupture of the skin in the cervical region. Upon dermatological examination, the cat presented fragile and hyperextensible skin in the cervical region and a skin extensibility index of 21%. Histopathological evaluation of the skin specimens revealed evident disorganization of collagen bundles in dermis and in the Masson’s trichrome staining, follicular dysplasia was found. The presumptive diagnosis of EDS was made based on the clinical and histopathological findings. Sanger sequencing did not detect any mutated alleles for the c.3420delG mutation in COL5A1 gene, which was an autosomal dominant mutation previously been associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in cats. The absence of this mutation in the reported cat suggests that other mutation may also be responsible for the development of cutaneous asthenia in this or maybe other genes related to collagen metabolism.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of overtorque on integrity, strength and stress on external hexagonal implants (EH), with two different grades (N=10): conventional (C), grade 4; and modified (M), grade 4 with thermal treatment. The dimensions of EH were 3.75 x 13 mm; the specimens were fixed and submitted to SEM analysis and image acquisition. The abutment was then retained with 70 N/cm, re-analyzed by SEM, and a second image was obtained. The images were analyzed by Image J software (1.44o- NIH, USA) for dimensional variations measurement on surface of the hexagonal area. The finite element method was applied with a similar compliance to calculate the resultant stress (MPa) during the torque. Results were statistically analyzed with t-student test (5 %). The dimensional accuracy of M (0.22 mm2) was statistically significant (p<0.05). Minimum principal stress and von-Mises stress of C (-19.95 MPa, -19.94 MPa), were lower than M values (-55.83 MPa, -55.96 MPa), respectively. However, the M group showed lower deformation than C group. Therefore, more rigid titanium alloy is a promising alternative to avoid plastic deformation of prosthetic connec tions even concentrating higher stress magnitude on its structure.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia del sobrepar en la integridad, la fuerza y la tensión en los implantes hexagonales externos (EH), con dos grados diferentes (N = 10): convencional (C), grado 4; y modificado (M), grado 4 con tratamiento térmico. Las dimensiones de EH eran 3,75 de diámetro x 13 mm de longitud; las muestras se fijaron y se sometieron a análisis SEM y adquisición de imágenes. A continuación, el pilar se retuvo con 70 N / cm, se volvió a analizar por SEM y se obtuvo una segunda imagen. Las imágenes se analizaron con el software Image J (1.44o-NIH, EE. UU.) Para medir las variaciones dimensionales en la superficie superior del área hexagonal, que fue causada por un par excesivo. El método de los elementos finitos se aplicó con un cumplimiento similar para calcular la tensión resultante (MPa) durante el par. Los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente con la prueba t-student (5 %). La precisión dimensional de M (0,22 mm2) fue estadísticamente significativa (p <0,05). La tensión principal mínima y la tensión de von-Mises de C (-19,95 MPa, -19,94 MPa), fueron inferiores a los valores de M (-55,83 MPa, -55,96 MPa), respectivamente. Sin embargo, el hexágono del grupo M mostró menor deformación que el grupo C. Por lo tanto, la aleación de titanio más rígida es una alternativa prometedora para evitar la deformación plástica de las conexiones protésicas incluso concentrando una mayor magnitud de tensión en su estructura.

ABSTRACT: To evaluate the stresses generated in upper premolars rehabilitated with ceramic fragments (table-top) of lithium disilicate on the occlusal surface. An upper premolar was modeled following its anatomical references using computer aided design software (Rhinoceros version 5.0 SR8, USA). The dental tissues were individually designed containing enamel, dentin and periodontal ligament. The main anatomical points were used as parameters for model creation. Ceramic fragments were modeled varying their maximum thicknesses as: 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm. Solid geometries were exported to the analysis software (ANSYS 17.2, USA) in STEP format. The materials were considered isotropic, homogeneous and linear, and the values of the elastic modulus of the materials and structures were used to perform a static structural mechanical analysis. The set was submitted to 200 N load. The system fixation was defined on the basis of the three- dimensional model, and the results were obtained in MPa according to the failure criteria of the analyzed materials (tensile stress). Occlusal restoration was not detrimental to mechanical behavior. Stress distribution in the internal region of the restoration was similar between the groups. Thicker fragments presented a lower concentration of tensile stress, therefore suggesting better prognosis in attenuating tensile stresses in the tooth region. More conservative occlusal ceramic fragments presented worse prognosis. However, all evaluated thickness for table-tops support the occlusal rehabilitation of upper premolars when submitted to 200 N loading.

RESUMEN: El objetivo fue evaluar las tensiones generadas en los premolares superiores rehabilitados con fragmentos cerámicos (tablero) de disilicato de litio en la superficie oclusal. Se modeló un premolar superior siguiendo sus referencias anatómicas utilizando un software de diseño asistido por computadora (Rhinoceros versión 5.0 SR8, EE. UU.). Los tejidos dentales se moldearon individualmente conteniendo esmalte, dentina y ligamento periodontal. Los principales puntos anatómicos se utilizaron como parámetros para la creación del modelo. Los fragmentos cerámicos se modelaron variando sus espesores máximos como: 0,5 mm, 1,0 mm y 1,5 mm. Las geometrías sólidas se exportaron al software de análisis (ANSYS 17.2, EE. UU.) En formato STEP. Los materiales se consideraron isotrópicos, homogéneos y lineales, y los valores del módulo elástico de los materiales y estructuras se utilizaron para realizar un análisis mecánico estructural estático. El conjunto se sometió a una carga de 200 N. La fijación del sistema se definió a partir del modelo tridimensional, y los resultados se obtuvieron en MPa según los criterios de falla de los materiales analizados (tensión de tracción). La restauración oclusal no perjudica el comportamiento mecánico. La distribución de la tensión en la región interna de la restauración es similar entre los grupos. Los fragmentos más gruesos presentaron una menor concentración de tensión de tracción, lo que sugiere un mejor pronóstico en la atenuación de las tensiones de tracción en la región dentaria. Los fragmentos cerámicos oclusales más conservadores presentaron peor pronóstico. Sin embargo, todos los espesores evaluados para tableros de mesa en disilicato de litio apoyan la rehabilitación oclusal de los premolares superiores cuando se someten a una carga de 200 N.

Resumo Na RLT (Rapid Layer Technology), a cerâmica de cobertura e infraestrutura são fabricados pelo Computer-Aided Design / Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD / CAM) e cimentados para obter a restauração. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da espessura da cerâmica de cobertura fabricada pela técnica RLT na resistência à fratura (RF) de coroas bilaminadas com infraestrutura de zircônia. Vinte infraestruturas de zircônia e vinte coroas posteriores feldspáticas com duas espessuras oclusais da cerâmica de cobertura (1mm = TF1; 2mm = TF2) foram fabricadas usando o sistema CAD / CAM. Os espécimes foram cimentados em preparos de resina epóxi com cimento resinoso dual e ciclados mecanicamente (200N e 4,5×105 Pa, 37° C, 2×106 ciclos, 3Hz). O teste de RF foi realizado (10kN, 0,5mm / min) e, posteriormente, os espécimes foram analisados em estereomicroscópio. Para a análise de tensão (análise de elementos finitos, FEA), uma carga de 10kN foi aplicada igual ao teste in vitro, e a tensão principal foi avaliada. Os dados de RF foram analisados pelo teste t de Student e análise de Weibull. A espessura mostrou forte influência na RF das coroas bilaminadas. A RF foi maior em TF2 do que no grupo TF1. O grupo TF2 apresentou a maior resistência característica em relação ao grupo TF1. O tipo de falha predominante foi a delaminação. O FEA mostrou maiores concentrações de tensões abaixo do ponto de aplicação da carga, na interface cimento e cerâmica de cobertura no modelo de coroa de 1 mm de espessura. As coroas de bilaminadas confeccionadas com 2 mm de cerâmica de cobertura promoveram maior RF em comparação ao grupo com cerâmica de cobertura de 1 mm. Além disso, a FEA mostrou que a espessura da cerâmica de cobertura tem um efeito na distribuição de tensões em coroas bilaminadas à base de zircônia.

Abstract In the RLT (Rapid Layer Technology), veneering ceramic and framework are fabricated by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and then cemented to obtain the restoration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the thickness of veneering ceramic manufactured by the RLT technique on the fracture resistance (FR) of bilayer crowns with zirconia frameworks. Twenty zirconia frameworks and twenty feldspathic posterior crowns with two different veneering ceramic occlusal thicknesses (1mm=TF1; 2mm=TF2) were manufactured using CAD/CAM system. The specimens were luted to an epoxy resin abutment with resin cement and mechanically cycled (200N and 4.5×105 Pa, 37°C, 2×106 cycles, 3Hz). The FR test was performed (10kN, 0.5mm/min), and the specimens were analyzed in a stereomicroscope. For the stress analysis (finite element analysis, FEA), a 10kN load was equal to the in vitro test, and the principal stress was evaluated. The FR data were analyzed by Student’s t-test and Weibull's analysis. The thickness influenced the FR of bilayer crowns. The FR was higher in the TF2 than in the TF1 group. The TF2 group presented the highest characteristic strength compared to the group TF1. The predominant type of failure was delamination. The FEA showed higher stress concentrations below the loading application point at the veneering cement interface in the 1-mm-thick model. The bilayer crowns manufactured using the approach of 2mm of veneering ceramic promoted higher FR compared to the group with 1mm veneering ceramic. Also, the FEA showed that the veneer ceramic thickness has an effect on stress distribution in zirconia-based bilayer crowns.

RESUMO: A leucoencefalomalácia (LEM) é uma enfermidade que acomete equídeos causada pela ingestão de milho e seus derivados e feno contaminados pela micotoxina fumonisina, um metabólito do fungo Fusarium verticillioides (sinônimo para F. moniliforme). Os sinais clínicos apresentam início agudo e evolução rápida e são decorrentes de lesões encefálicas. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever os achados clínicos de 11 equídeos diagnosticados com LEM, incluindo a análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR). 91% dos animais afetados eram equinos e somente 9% (1/11) era asinino. A localização clínica das lesões era 64% (7/10) cerebrais, manifestadas por alterações no estado mental e comportamento e 36% (4/10) no tronco encefálico, manifestadas por incoordenação, desvio lateral de cabeça, nistagmo, hipoalgesia da face e dificuldade de apreensão, mastigação e deglutição de alimentos. Comparativamente, os achados post mortem revelaram que 82% (9/11) das lesões eram no cérebro e 18% (2/11) no tronco encefálico. Alterações no LCR, tais como xantocromia (43%, 3/7), hiperproteinorraquia (50%, 3/6) e pleocitose (43%, 3/7), foram observadas. Os animais afetados apresentaram sinais clínicos compatíveis com lesões encefálicas e/ou de tronco cerebral. O LCR de animais com LEM pode apresentar xantocromia, hiperproteinorraquia, e pleocitose, reforçando que esta doença deve ser incluída como diagnóstico diferencial de encefalomielites.

ABSTRACT: Equine leukoencephalomalacia (LEM) is a disease caused by the ingestion of food, especially corn, contaminated by fumonisin, a Fusarium verticillioides (synonymous with F. moniliforme) metabolite. The clinical signs of brain injuries have an acute onset and rapid evolution. This study aimed to describe the clinical findings in 11 animals diagnosed with LEM, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Of these animals, 91% (10/11) were horses, and only 9% (1/11) were asinine. The clinical localization of the lesions was 64% (7/10) cerebral, manifested mainly by altered mental state and behavioral disturbance, and 36% (4/11) were brainstem lesions, manifested by incoordination, head tilt, nystagmus, facial hypoalgesia, difficulty in apprehension, chewing, and swallowing food. Postmortem findings revealed that 82% (9/11) of the lesions were in the cerebrum and 18% (2/11) in the brainstem. CSF findings, such as xanthochromia (43%, 3/7), hyperproteinorrachia (50%, 3/6), and pleocytosis (43%, 3/7) were observed. The affected animals showed neurological signs that were compatible with cerebral and/or brainstem injuries. The CSF from animals with LEM may present with xanthochromia, hyperproteinorrachia, and pleocytosis, reinforcing the fact that this disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of encephalomyelopathies.

Abstract The addition of pozzolans has a potentially important role in the cement industry since using waste from other industries has important environmental benefits, including reduced CO2 emissions from cement production. This study evaluates the pozzolanic activity of the glass powder in three different particle sizes (150 µm, 75 µm, and 45 µm, upper limits) and compares the results with those of other added pozzolans and technical standards found in the literature. Pozzolanicity was determined by four methods: Pozzolanic Activity Index (PAI) with lime, Performance Index (PI) with Portland cement, electric conductivity, and modified Chapelle. The results of the Chapelle and electrical conductivity trials indicated the pozzolanic activity of glass powder in all three particle sizes studied. The results of PAI with lime revealed pozzolanic activity of the 45 µm fraction while the performance index with cement showed the pozzolanicity of the 75 µm and 45 µm fractions according to ASTM C 618-05 (2005). It is concluded that the smallest glass fractions provided better reaction rates due to larger contact surfaces and are, therefore, considered pozzolans.

Lipoxygenase (LOX) plays an important role in inflammatory processes and Arrabidaea brachypoda (DC.) Bureau (Bignoniaceae) has been described as presenting anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure to directly recognize LOX inhibitor compounds in A. brachypoda crude extract, facilitating the isolation, characterization of bioactive compounds, evaluation of natural compounds using an in vitro 15-LOX assay and prediction of the most probable binding modes of their main constituent through molecular docking simulations. The chemical analysis was performed by ethanol crude extract microfractionation using HPLC-DAD (diode array detector) associated to a fraction collector. The bioactive chromatogram displayed a peak with 50.9% LOX inhibition at 13.6 min retention time. The extract was purified and conandroside was isolated, presenting a LOX inhibitory activity with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 7.8 ± 1.1 µM, close to standard quercetin (IC50 7.6 ± 0.3 µM). Additionally, conandroside was not cytotoxic to normal cells (GM07492A). The LOX-conandroside complex displayed a slightly higher docking score (92.7) than quercetin (71.5). These results together suggest that conandroside could be explored as lipoxygenase inhibitor.